PepsiCo Essay Example

PepsiCo Essay PepsiCo snacks division has classified its products broadly in three categories as Western, Extruded and Traditional. A new variety of biscuit is also launched with the brand name ALIVA. PepsiCo in INDIA PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the country’s leading food and beverage companies. One of the largest multinational investors in the country, PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India. PepsiCo India and its partners have invested more than U. S. $1 billion since the company was established in the country. PepsiCo provides direct and indirect employment to 150,000 people including suppliers and distributors. PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to healthy eats,that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste. PepsiCo India’s expansive portfolio includes iconic refreshment beverages Pepsi, 7 UP, Mirinda and Mountain Dew, in addition to low calorie options such as Diet Pepsi, hydrating and nutritional beverages such as Aquafina drinking water, isotonic sports drinks Gatorade, Tropicana100% fruit juices, and juice based drinks – Tropicana Nectars, Tropicana Twister and Slice PepsiCo’s foods company, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market and all Frito Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG. It manufactures Lay’s Potato Chips, Cheetos extruded snacks, Uncle Chipps and traditional snacks under the Kurkure and Lehar brands. The company’s high fibre breakfast cereal, Quaker Oats, and low fat and roasted snack options enhance the healthful choices available to consumers. The group has built an expansive beverage and foods business. To support its operations, PepsiCo has 43 bottling plants in India, of which 15 are company owned and 28 are franchisee owned. In addition to this, PepsiCo’s Frito Lay foods division has 3 state-of-the-art plants. PepsiCo’s business is based on its sustainability vision of â€Å"Making tomorrow better than today†. Company’s Background Frito’s Company: In the summer of 1932, Elmer Doolin stopped for lunch in a small San Antonia cafe, while waiting for his 5 cent sandwich; he noticed a plain package of corn chips on the counter. He spent 5 cents to buy the package that changed the course of his life forever. In 1938, a businessman was eager to sell the recipe for $100, which he had to borrow. Mr. Doolin bought the recipe and 19 retail accounts plus the manufacturing equipment, an old converted hand-operated potato ricer. The first manufacturing plant for FRITO’S brand corn chips was the kitchen of Mr. Doolin’s mother. Production capacity was about 10 pounds per hour, with total sales, increased production was required. Mr. Doolin developed a press that was more efficient than the potato ricer with a hammer to cut strips of corn dough. We will write a custom essay sample on PepsiCo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PepsiCo specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PepsiCo specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After this the Frito Company experienced continuous expansions and the head quarters moved from San Antonio to Dollas. Before his death in 1959 Elmer Doolin’s Frito corn chips had become one of America’s most popular snack foods and the Frito Company was established as the leader in the snack food industry. H. W. Lay Company: Herman Lay was founder of H. W. Lay company in Atlanta. Herman Lay began his business by selling potato chips from an old touring car. By 1934, with six snack food routes, he was on his way to become a major distributor for an Atlanta potato chip manufacturer. In 1938, the Atlanta manufacturer developed financial problems, hence threatening his major source of potato chips and snack foods. Financial arrangement was made by Mr. Lay through business associates and his friends who allowed him to buy the business and changed its name to H. W. Lay Co. By putting profits back into the business it helped business to expand. The H. W. Lay Company soon became one of the largest snack and convenience food companies in the South East, with its primary product being LAY’S brand potato chips. Merger of Frito’s Co. and H. W. Lay Co. : In 1945 the Frito’s Co. granted H. W. Lay Company one of the first exclusive franchises to manufacture and distribute FRITOS CORN CHIPS in the south east. As the two companies worked towards national distribution, a close business affiliation developed which eventually resulted in a merger. Also, both companies were built on the same basic business philosophy, â€Å"Make the best product possible; Sell it at a fair profit; and Make service a fundamental part of doing business. † In September 1961, The Frito Co. and H. W. Lay Co. merged to become Frito-Lay’s Inc. Frito-Lay’s and Pepsi-Cola Merger: In February 1965, the Board of Directors for Frito-Lay’s and Pepsi-Cola announced a plan for merger of the two companies. On June 8, 1965, the merger of both companies was approved by shareholders of both companies and a new company called PepsiCo, Inc. was formed. At the time of merger, Frito-Lay’s owned 46 manufacturing plants nationwide and more than 150 distribution centers across United States, and was listed on New York Stock Exchange. In 1998, PepsiCo, Inc. cquired Tropicana and in 2001 acquired The Quaker Oats Company. Frito-lay’s India: Pepsi Foods Private Limited was started in India as a subsidiary of Pepsi Beverages Limited with its manufacturing facility at Channo, in the industrially backward district of Sangrur in 1989. It was a joint venture promoted by Punjab Agro Industrial limited, Voltas limited and PepsiCo. But now it’s owned completely by PepsiCo India Holdings. The objective of the establishment was more of a strategic nature to gain foothold for the establishment of the Concentrate plant in Channo. As a result, the emphasis on this subsidiary in the initial years was very limited. The company has a major market in both traditional Indian and Western snacks. Its focus on marketing and sales has continuously increased the demand, making it necessary to expand its manufacturing facilities by establishing another plant near Pune and Kolkata. And it also have five 3rd party plants. Annual turnover of PepsiCo Inc. is $ 39 billion with 185000 employees. PepsiCo Inc. is the 3rd largest Food Company in the world after Nestle and Unilever. Annual turnover of PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd. is Rs. 1200 Crore. PepsiCo Countdown: 1898 Pepsi was born as â€Å"BRAND’S DRINK† 1903 Caleb Bradhman sold 7968 gallons of syrup using the theme line â€Å"Exhilarating, Invigorating, Acid Digestion. † 1932 A young Texan, Elliot Doolin made new kind of snacks, a corn chips called Fritos, in San Antonio and established Fritos Company. 1934 H. W. Lays Co. was established by Herman W. lay. 1938 Mr. Lay through his business associated H. W. Lay Co. with its primary product being Lays brand potato chips. 1945 Fritos Co. offers the exclusive franchise H. W. Lays Co. to manufacture and distribute Fritos corn chips. 1961 The Fritos Co. and the H. W. Lay Co. merged to become Frito-Lay’s Inc. 1965 PepsiCo Inc. was founded Donald M. Kendall, President CEO of Pepsi-Cola by merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay’s Inc. 1972 Agreement was made to sell PepsiCo products in USSR as first foreign product. 1975 PepsiCo entered restaurant business, acquired KFC. 1985 Pizza Hut came to be known as a PepsiCo Company. 1989 Entered in Indian market as the overall PepsiCo strategy under a joint venture between PCI and PFI, known as Pepsi Foods Pvt. Ltd. 1990 Snacks and concentrate plants were set up in Channo (Sangrur, Punjab). 1997 Lay’s became the brand leader in its market segment. PepsiCo acquired Smith Snacks Food Co. in Australia. 1998 PepsiCo acquired Tropicana. 2001 PepsiCo acquired the Quakers Oats Co. and became the world’s fifth largest Food and Beverage Company with 16 brands. Features of the PIH (Frito-Lay’s Division) Channo: This plant was established in 1990. This is first plant established in India, along with concentrate plant. The plant is situated in a land of 7. 5 acre. The plant has the fully automated 6 production lines as 3 for potato chips, 2 for extruded products (KKR) and 1 for Cheetos. The total capacity of potato line is 29 tons per day (120 tons potato is used per day) and of KKR lines is 54 tons per day. The capacity of Cheetos line is 4 tons per day. The man-power of Channo Plant: 1. Managerial Staff – 47 2. Permanent Worker – 250 3. Contractual Worker – about 300 VARIOUS SAFETY PROGREMMES AND QUALITY CERTIFICATIONS OF THE PLANT: 1. TPM 2. HACCP 3. AIB 4. ISO-14001 5. OSHAS 18001:2007 . JIT 7. 5S OTHER FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN PLANT: ETP 1. NITROGEN PLANT 2. AC PLANT 3. BOILER SECTION Processing of Potato Chips: Receiving and Unloading: (At 3P) The potato used for the chips are bought from market or directly from the farmers. Some time company does the contract farming in which the company gives the see ds to the farmer and bought potatoes from them. This is done to develop and get good quality potato. A grader is installed to sort the undersized and oversized potatoes. The range for potatoes size is 45 to 90mm and for % defects, (external defects: 20% Max, internal defects: 10% max) The grader sorts out the potatoes by size. It has the two sets of rollers one having the diameter less than 45mm and other set having diameter greater than 90mm so as to eliminate undersize as well as oversized. After grading the potatoes are put into wooden crates and brought to primary feed hopper by using forklift truck. Primary Feed Hopper: Each crate containing 400kg brought by forklift is lifted on to the crate dumper that dumps the potatoes into the primary feed hopper directly underneath it. A belt conveyor is located at the bottom of the hopper, which is used to feed potatoes to destoner at fixed set speed. Washing and Destoning: The Destoner removes the stones or other heavy foreign matter that may be mixed with the bulk potatoes. It also removes some and sand from the potato surface. The vertical auger turns, it causes agitation which helps to wash sand and dirt from the potatoes, while stones and other heavy material sink to bottom of the Destoner basin. Destoner separates stones, heavy foreign matter from potatoes to prevent damage to downstream equipment. From the destoner potatoes are uplifted by hydro lift and fed to peeler. Peeler: Potato peeling is an operation with a critical impact on the finished product quality and yield. In this process abrasion is applied to the surface to remove 95% of the peel. Abrasion should not be excessive so that the usable pulp is lost and the net yield of the product is low. The surface of the abrasive is silicon carbide granules embed in an ebony base. A water spray is bar is located at the top in the interior of peeler chamber. Peel, dirt and foreign matter removed from the surface of the potatoes during the peeling operations are carried out by the rinse water to the peeler drain. Potatoes from the peeler drop on to the roller conveyor. [pic] Trim and Inspection station: Between peeling and slicing operations each potato is inspected to detect the defective potatoes to reduce the number of chip defects. Over sized potatoes are halved. Removable external defects (hollow heart, mechanical damage, potato scrab); internal defects (hollow heart) are trimmed away. Potatoes that are under sized and with non-removable defects are removed from processing. The deficiencies and the defective potatoes are either trimmed or removed depending on the percent of tuber affected. [pic] Surge hopper: This hopper is equipped with level control that starts/stops the out feed conveyor of the primary feed hopper, the peeler, as required to maintain s small reservoir of peel potatoes and allows a continuous, metered flow of potatoes to the slicer. Slicer: Potatoes are removed from the surge hopper by a vertical lift conveyor and transported to the slicer by a screw auger. This auger enables separation of the potatoes in to small groups so that they drop one at a time into the slicer impeller. As the impeller springs, the potatoes are thrown against the blades of the slicer head assembly by centrifugal force. Slicer consists of a stationary slicer head having eight blades that are mounted vertically on it and protrude outwards and a rotating impeller (265rpm). It cuts the potatoes into slices of required thickness and these slices are dropped form the slicer head into the washer. [pic] Drum Washer: Here the slices are washed in a rotating drum with a continuous flow of fresh water to remove the excess of starch and scrap. As the slices fall into the washer tank, rotation of drum propels and tumbles the slices into washer. Series of water sprays mounted over fryer infeed conveyor to remove any remaining surface starch and prevents the excessive clustering of chips in the fryer. Air Knife Air Sweep: These both are assembled at the washer take-off conveyor. Air knife is high velocity air curtain which is used to remove the surface moisture and the debris from the chips. It also prevents stacking of chips which may cause soft centers. Air sweep creates vacuum at the under the take off conveyor. This vacuum causes suction of water from the lower portion of the chips and also the debris. Waste water and scraps are then transferred to an air-water separator and discharged into waste cart. Frying: Slices from infeed conveyor are passed to fryer where they are uniformly fried to golden crispness using Palmolein oil at a temperature of 180? C-185? C, that are ready to be seasoned. As the potato slices are immersed in hot oil, thermal energy is rapidly and efficiently transferred to the product. This heat causes three reactions to develop: Development of chip texture Production of basic chip flavor Formation of chip color Raw potato slices are carried in a constant stream from washer to the infeed of the fryer. Fryer consists of three Conveyors: In feed Conveyor Sub merger Conveyor Take out conveyor In fryer, the paddles propel the product towards the submerger, which holds the chip below the surface of oil to complete the cooking process. Submerger conveyor temporarily keeps the chips in the oil and paddles moves the chips forward. These fried chips are brought out by take out conveyor. The length of time that the chip spends in oil pan may be independently varied by adjusting the operating speed of paddles, submerger and takeout conveyor. These settings regulate overall cooling time, color development and oil content of finished product. At the end of takeout conveyor a moisture-sensing device is installed to check the moisture and oil in the fried chips. This is shown on fryer control panel. [pic] Optyx: This device is used to remove the unwanted chips from the good chips with the help of air jet. In this system all the defects, which are to be removed, are defined by the help of a sample of defect. The defects are such as greening, undesirable colour (due to browning reaction) with different levels, etc. [pic] Seasoning Station: Here seasoning is applied on the chips. It is done in seasoning tumbler. The seasoning tumbler consists of a rotating drum with internal longitudinal ridges. This structure inside the tumbler makes the chips to move forward. The rotating action of tumbler drum both tumbles the chips and brings each chip to bed surface, ensuring an even thorough coating of seasoning to product. An acrison seasoning applicator provides both a constant feed of seasoning to tumbler and a consistent distribution of seasoning across the product. The feed rate of acrison applicator may be adjusted to regulate the seasoning content of finished product. The seasoning application is checked every hour so as to ensure accurate seasoning application. Inspection Conveyor: After seasoning, chips reach to inspection conveyor. Here the pickers picks the remaining defective chips like brown chips, soft centers, clusters, oil soaks etc. and discard them to waste. After it chips goes to the packaging section. Packaging: For the acceptability of any food product its packaging must be done. For proper handling and good looking proper packaging films are used. Nitrogen is filled in the packets for proper handling, to decrease browning reaction till consumption and to decrease the breakage of products. Firstly finished product from process drops in vibratory conveyor and moves continuously so as to avoid overflow. There are sensors on conveyor to open the sliding window above weigher. The weighers weigh the amount of product. VFFS packaging machine are used for packing. The packets are then arranged in cartons and sealed with BOPP tape. Than the cartons are arranged on wooden pellets and dispatched to the warehouse. Final Product: [pic] Processing of Kurkure Raw Material handling: The main raw materials being used are cornmeal, rice meal and gram meal. Raw materials for kurkure production are inspected, sampled and tested to ensure that they meet the quality specifications. Tests for particle size, moisture etc. is done on raw meal. After the raw materials are accepted they are unloaded. Blending: The dry ingredients (i. e. corn, rice and gram meals in the ratio of 60: 30: 10) are first blended in blender. The blending is done for proper mixing of the ingredients and for proper distribution of the moisture content. Water is added to achieve the required moisture content (16 to 18 %) for extrusion and collet formation. The water is added according to the moisture content of dry blended meal. Two types of blending are done: 1. Dry blending (before addition of water 2. Wet blending (after addition of water) Extrusion: The blended raw material is put into extruder hopper manually. Here the fine meal (i. e. flour) is separated. The extruder used is Random Extruder. The random extruder differs from other extruder by lack of an external heat source and a type of die. Therefore the extruded collets have a little uniformity. There are basically three steps of extrusion: 1. Meal heating (Viscous shearing friction 2. Compression (Head gap due to restricted opening between rotor plates and auger) 3. Collette formation: explosively vaporized, rapid cooling. Parts of Extruders: Rotor, Anger, Nose cone, fingers, Blade, Motor Heating process: Mixture collects in channels in auger flights in the stator feed grooves and in space between auger and stator casing. During auger rotation portion of meal nearest to the auger is forced to spiral towards the rotor head. However, feed grooves in stator casing create a resistance that exerts an opposing relative force and heal on meal called shear stress and resulting tension is viscous shearing. Temperature generally during extrusion is about 350-400 0F, which is higher than the boiling point (212 0F) of water. At such high temperature water is vaporized, but this vaporization can be prevented by creating extreme pressure (500 to 800 psi) between rotor and stator heads therefore moisture still remains when temperature above 212 0F. But due to this high temperature the gelatinization of the starch content takes place, which binds the molecules of meal together. Meal compression: When heated meal is compacted under immense pressure in extruder head gap, pressure is produced by meal flow through restricted opening between stator and rotor heads. Collette formation: Collet formation occurs when moisture is allowed to explosively vaporization upon decompression, causing it to pop or puff. Collette shaping is enabled by rotor head nose cone swirls, the face scallops and rotor fingers. Rapid cooling occurs between the rotor and stator heads. Blades are used to cut the collets in standard length. Chaff Tumbler: Chaff tumbler is to remove the very small fragments from collect. Chaff tumbler is a perforated rotating drum, which moves the collets forward and removes the very tiny particles of meal from these collets. These small meal particles are collected in a catch pan, which is lying exactly under the chaff tumbler. Vibrating Chaff Conveyor: A continuous flow of cleaned collets exit the chaff tumbler and goes to vibrating chaff conveyor. This vibrating conveyor contains a ? inch stainless steel mesh section that is designed to sift out additional small fines as the raw collets are transported to the fryer. Very small collets are removed here to make the quality of product better. This conveyor is also called fryer infeed conveyor as it provides feed to fryer. Collet Frying: The collets from the chaff conveyor are fed to fryer where they are fried in vegetable oil at a controlled temperature for a small interval of time. The objective of collet frying is to: Reduce moisture content to 1-2% Develop collet flavor through addition of cooking oil. Give the collet a light and crunchy texture. The time for which the collets are in the fryer is called dwell time. The paddles keep the collets under the oil so as to fry the collets. Then collets get lifted on take out conveyor to get out from fryer. Vibrating Conveyor: The take out conveyor puts the fried collets on the vibrating conveyor, which feeds the collets to seasoning tumbler. The seasoning applied on Kurkure is wet seasoning. Here the mixture of oil and dry flavour powder is applied on product. The mixture is first mixed in slurry cattle at the temperature of 35 0C to ensure proper mixing. When the slurry is blended it is pumped to the transfer kettle. Here also the slurry is continuously mixed so that the mixture remains proper. The transfer kettle maintains the slurry solids in proper suspension at an even temperature. After this the seasoning goes to seasoning tumbler through a pipe. Here the uniform seasoning application is applied on the collets. Retention Conveyor: After the tumbler the collets reach to retention conveyor. It allows the oil and seasoning to set up and to dry on collets. It moves the prepared collets to Z conveyor. Z conveyor takes these ready collets to packaging section. Packaging: The prepared collets are packed in the same way as used for the potato chips by the VFFS packaging machines. The only Difference is that here normal air is used in place of nitrogen gas, because the starch content in the final product less available due to gelatinization. Final Product: [pic] Inventory Management Area of Project : Engg. Store, Pepsico. Holdings (P) ltd. Channo. Contents: ? Inventory ? Inventory and Stores Management ? Applied Techniques: †¢ ABC Analysis o Detailed description of ABC analysis o ABC Curve o Distinction b/w A, B and C class items. o Application of ABC in Engg. Store. †¢ Music 3-D Inventory Management System o Music 3-D Concept o Cost criticality chart o Interpretation of Music 3-D Inventory Management What is Inventory Inventory is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. It is also used for a list of the contents of a household and for a list for testamentary purposes of the possessions of someone who has died. In accounting inventory is considered an asset. Inventory Management A big trend is for organizations to blend their operational functions under the umbrella known as supply chain management. Often, the first two functions to merge are purchasing and inventory management. So, as a purchasing professional, you must understand inventory management principles to remain valuable. First, you must know how much inventory to have on hand to ensure continuity of supply in the event of an uncharacteristic increase in either demand and/or lead time. This quantity of inventory is called the safety stock. There is no universally used formula for determining safety stock quantity, rather it depends upon the kind of store and value of inventory. Second, you must know when to reorder materials for inventory. Generally, this point in time is determined when the quantity of materials in stock decreases to a certain level, called the reorder point. The reorder point is determined by the formula: ROP = SSQ + (QUD x ALT) Where, ROP = Reorder Point SSQ = Safety Stock Quantity QUD = Quantity Used Daily ALT = Average Lead Time (in days) Third, you must know how much to order. A complex mathematical equation determines the Economic Order Quantity, or EOQ. The equation recognizes the tug of war between acquisition costs and inventory carrying costs: when you order bigger quantities less frequently, your aggregate acquisition costs are low but your inventory costs are high due to higher inventory levels. Conversely, when you order smaller quantities more often, your inventory costs are low but your acquisition costs are higher because you are expending more resources on ordering. The EOQ is the order quantity that minimizes the sum of these two costs. Mismanaged Inventories Inventory mismanagement can be detrimental to a business, especially considering the weight these items carry. Inventories that run out of control can lead to significant losses that the company may not be able to recoup. Considerable investment is required to develop adequate stock. Poorly managed supplies lead to profit loss. ABC ANALYSIS (PARETO ANALYSIS) [pic] ABC analysis (sometimes referred to as the 80/20 rule and as Pareto analysis) is a method of classifying items, events, or activities according to their relative importance. It is frequently used in inventory management where it is used to classify stock items into groups based on the total annual expenditure for, or total stockholding cost of, each item. Organizations can concentrate more detailed attention on the high value/important items. Pareto analysis is used to arrive at this prioritization. †¢ Taking inventory as an example, the first step in the analysis is to identify those criteria which make a significant level of control important for any item. Two possible factors are the usage rate for an item and its unit value. †¢ Close control is more important for fast moving items with a high unit value. Conversely, for slow moving, low unit value items the cost of the stock control system may exceed the benefits to be gained and simple methods of control should be substituted. †¢ These two factors can be multiplied to give the annual requirement value (ARV) the total value of the annual usage. If the stock items are then listed in descending order of ARV, the most important items will appear at the top of the list. If the cumulative ARV is then plotted against number of items then a graph known as an ABC curve (Pareto curve) is obtained. ABC/ Pareto Curve [pic] The precise shape of a ABC curve will differ for any analysis but the broad shape remains similar following the 80/20 rule. ? In this case, typically, the first 20% of items in the list will account for approximately 80% of cumulative ARV. For a company with a stock list of 1,000 different items this means that paying more attention to the top 200 items (with a sophisticated stock control system) will give close control of about 80% of total stock investment. ? The next, say, 40% of items, will, typically, account for a further 15% of cumulative ARV. These can be subject to less precise control methods. ? The last 40% of (low value of low usage) items then account for a mere 5% of ARV and can be controlled with a simple system. The term ABC analysis lays down the fact that the first 20% of important items are known as Category A items, the next, typically 40% are Category B items and the relatively unimportant, though larger in number, 40% are Category C items. Point of distinction between A, B, and C class items. | | | |A Class inventory |B Class inventory |C Class inventory | | | | | |Very Strict Control |Moderate Control |Least Control | | | | | |No Safety Stock |Low Safety Stock |High Safety Stock | | | | | |Max. f ollow up |Periodic follow up |Exceptional follow up | | | | | |Centralized storing |Combined storing |De-centralized storing | | | | |Accurate Forecast |Estimated Forecast |Rough Estimates | | | | | |Weekly Reports |Monthly Reports |Quarterly Reports | | | | | |Must be handled by Superiors |Can be handled by Middle mgt. |Can be fully delegated. | MAJOR AREA OF RESEARCH: ENGG. STORE The project i. e. The ABC analysis was conducted for the area of Engg. store of the Pepsico. Holdings. Its a unique store located at the channo plant and has several credits to its name. It is considered to be the most effective and efficient store among all the three plants located at Channo, Pune and Kolkatta, respectively. This is the combine endeavor of Mr. Rajesh Misra and Mr. Rohit Batta, making this store no. 1 all over India. It consists of 38 classified racks each having a separate number. These racks are classified in various shelves, and each shelf is further divided into different columns. This is done to make available the inventory as early as possible, without wasting any time for finding the respective inventory. The store carries a huge stock of items that are required to be used in the production machines like bearings, shafts, conveyer belts, heavy electric motors, gear box and many more. Each item has provided with a separate code, which makes it very easy to locate the item in the store. For e. g. |ZZMPKCLP0216 |Bridge Cylinder |15 |127013. 6 |20. 12. 00 | | |Mounting P#9652 | | | | | | | | | |PERCENTAGE |2,64,84,008 |2,35,41,341 |2,055,98,673 |1,76,56,006 | |VALUE | | | | | | | | | | | |ITEMS |1 202 |1 – 157 |1 120 |1 89 | | | | | | | |ORIGINAL VALUE |2,64,78,884 |2,35,27,762 |2,05,81,522 |1,75,97,595 | | | | | | | |NO. OF |45 |37 |31 |89 | |ITEMS | | | | | B- class Inventory Here is a list of the B- class inventory lying in the Engg. store along with their respective material codes, values (Rs. ), current stock and their location in the store. |Material |Material Description |STK |Value |Location | |ZZCUTBLR0005 |Chemical Maxtreat_3220 |105 |42078. 52 |13. 08. 0 | |ZZM10FPS0017 |Seal Ptfe Shaft Kit Mrv40 |2 |41962. 61 |36. 14. 00 | |ZZMKKPMP0002 |SEAL MECH. SEAL (FCP SLURRY PUMP) |21 |41923. 51 |05. 02. 08 | |ZZM10HEX0002 |Plate Swirl 24Wh Ord #121365004/2 |1 |41568. 99 |11. 03. 00 | |ZZE00INS0008 |Controller Temp P#77_147E16031100 |2 |41542. 44 |35. 03. 07 | |ZZE00INS0007 |Controller Temo P#77_147_16011100 |2 |41542. 42 |35. 03. 07 | |ZZMUTACR0086 |ELEMENT AIR INLET(C. R. ) P#39708466 |13 |41296. 96 |31. 04. 00 | |ZZMPKDIS0027 |Photo Eye Sensor Wt36-R210 P#90500060 |2 |41062. 18 |36. 13. 00 | |ZZMPKPLR0118 |Allen Weight Eccentric WEIGHT 9 |1 |40934. 1 |07. 05. 00 | |ZZEUTSTK0038 |Power Supply Type Q_120D_ Meanwell |7 |40806. 81 |35. 04. 08 | |ZZMKKCNY0027 |MotorGearedAs55Dp190. 3P90 B5 B3 Bn 90 |1 |40738. 11 |09. 12. 0 | |ZZE10OPT0003 |Mot Hp 1800 230/460 50/60P# 021808 1-1/2 |1 |40605. 18 |36. 07. 00 | |ZZM10FPS0007 |BADGER PROPORTIONING VALVE |1 |40573. 7 |36. 14. 00 | |ZZE00ELE0561 |Switch Reed Smeo-1-B |32 |40562. 13 |32. 01. 00 | |ZZM10CNY0028 |INTRALOX |38 |40314. 2 |13. 00. 00 | |ZZM00MEC0329 |Chain M. S. Pitch 5/8 _Diamond |44. 1 |39919. 39 |37. 03. 0 | |ZZE00ELE0265 |Breaker Mpcb Gv2_M40 Telemecanqe |8 |39914. 87 |06. 05. 00 | |ZZE00ELE0494 |Breaker Mccb 630A |2 |39491 |28. 17. 00 | |ZZMUTSTK0060 |ROLLER DRIVING P#8101867226 |4 |39228. 38 |28. 18. 00 | |ZZMUTETP0011 |CouplingFluidCentrifuge 206DTRIA-1001959 |1 |39074. 36 |22. 01. 00 | |ZZM PKISD0009 |Cam Follower P#01_0026_04_ISHIDA |81 |38911 |01. 01. 0 | |ZZM10PTH0002 |Gear Box Pc10 A_Potato Hopper |1 |38905. 73 |11. 04. 00 | |ZZE00ELE0365 |BREAKER MCCB 250 AMP |3 |38890. 05 |28. 17. 00 | |ZZE00ELE0007 |MOTOR 3 PH MOTOR 10HP(FRAME 1325) |2 |38870. 5 |13. 08. 00 | |ZZCPKCOD0001 |Roller Markem 930 Black 32 MM |156 |38477. 98 |32. 03. 00 | |ZZMPKPLR0121 |Tip Contact Assyembly P#502064800 |144 |38035. 93 |25. 18. 0 | |ZZM10SLI0063 |Nut Lock P#22047 |102 |37910. 65 |12. 03. 00 | |ZZE10HEX0021 |Sensor Flame Qra2 ORD#600501 |3 |37904. 62 |11. 07. 00 | |ZZEPKCLP0037 |Sensor Assy Prox. 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Spelling Tips Free Rein or Free Reign

Spelling Tips Free Rein or Free Reign Spelling Tips: Free Rein or Free Reign? Today, we’re looking at one of the most commonly misspelled phrases in the English language: â€Å"free rein† and â€Å"free reign.† Both spellings are common, but the original (and technically correct) version is â€Å"free rein.† So why is this one correct? And what exactly does â€Å"free rein† mean? Let’s find out. The Origins of Free Rein The phrase â€Å"free rein† dates back to the seventeenth century. We use it to mean â€Å"give someone the freedom to do or say whatever they want†: The designers were given free rein to try new ideas. On a literal level, â€Å"reins† are the straps used to guide a horse. So to give someone â€Å"free rein† is to give them freedom in the same way that holding the reins loosely gives a horse freedom to move. This is also why we use the phrase â€Å"rein in† to mean â€Å"bring something under control.† Just trying reining me in, bozo. The Confusion: Rein vs. Reign Unfortunately, â€Å"rein† sounds exactly like â€Å"reign,† so they are easy to confuse. This second term can be either a noun or a verb, but in both cases refers to the rule of a king or queen. For instance, we could say: The reign of Queen Elizabeth II has been largely peaceful. King Henry VII reigned over England from 1485 to 1509. As a result, many people think the phrase about freedom is spelled â€Å"free reign.† This almost makes sense, as you could take the phrase to mean â€Å"the freedom to behave like a monarch.† Not all kings have much freedom, of course. Some can only move one space in any direction.(Photo: Michal Jarmoluk) Nevertheless, this spelling began as an error and many still consider it to be incorrect. As such, it is always better to write â€Å"free rein.† Free Rein or Free Reign? In formal writing, idioms can help you express yourself clearly and demonstrate your command of language. As such, although â€Å"free reign† is unlikely to cause confusion, â€Å"free rein† is still the correct spelling. To remember, keep the equestrian connection in mind. You will avoid errors as long as you recall that the â€Å"reins† in â€Å"free rein† are used to steer a horse. And if you need any help with your spelling, don’t forget to ask a proofreader.

The Ellis Study Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Ellis Study Review - Assignment Example Afterwards, the post-positivist, constructivist, interpretivist, and critical inquiry perspectives given by various scholars would be compared with the personal analysis of Carolyn Ellis with regards to her article. The story was about the death of the sibling of Ellis from a plane crash. Using ethnographic, literature writing, autobiographical and sociological, the author wanted the audience to experience what the author experienced through the reading. The story started with the family background of the author wherein she told about the humble beginnings of their family as her parents were manual laborers until they started a construction business that became popular in Virginia. She then shared some details about her siblings Art, Judy and Rex (Ellis, 2005, p. 250). Afterwards she focused on narrating her closeness with her brother Rex regarding how they quarreled and cared for each other (Ellis, 2005, p. 251). Tragedy then came in 1982 when Rex was killed in a plane crash as he p lanned to visit his sister in Florida. He died at the age of 29. Before the accident, they talked about going to Washington as the author fixed the gifts for their parents. Rex even joked around as he bragged about his sister being a professor to his friends (Ellis, 2005, p. 252). Ellis was then shocked when her elder brother Art called and asked about the plane crash headlined on the news. At first, they thought it was another airplane, but it was really the flight where Rex was included (Ellis, 2005, p. 253). The siblings then asked the airline about the plane accident and they also watched the news to know about the rescued survivors. Ellis was then supported by her partner Gene with his daughter Beth (Ellis, 2005, p. 254). They waited for the confirmation as they still expect Rex to be one of the survivors (Ellis, 2005, p. 255).at three in the morning, a confirmatory phone call occurred as Rex was declared to be dead. The siblings then went to the house of their parents where th ey conducted the funeral of Rex (Ellis, 2005, p. 256). When the coffin and body of Rex was brought to the house, the mother of the author collapsed and stayed in the hospital as Art and the author stayed in the funeral to cater the needs of hundreds of visitors (Ellis, 2005, p. 257). The friends of Rex then arranged a party to commemorate him. Despite of the efforts to put a happy atmosphere, still seriousness overwhelmed the people in the party for the lost of Rex. Afterwards the family went to the room of Rex and got some of his mementos and even saw a dildo that they jokingly said to be the ones used by Rex to tickle his girlfriends. Art then planned to sell the stuffs of Rex in an auction. Then the author visited their mother at the hospital who did not want to go home as she felt safe in the hospital. With that, the author reenacted in her mind how Rex met his death (Ellis, 2005, p. 258). The author then met Rex in her dream and told him that he is already dead. After that drea m, she did not dream of Rex again. The use of fiction or story in analyzing social science is a good way to project how experimental ethnography can effectively tackle a particular topic filled with emotions for a powerful understanding (Ellis, 2005, p. 259). Traditionally, social sciences had tackled various topics objectively wherein the scientists are just observers and they are not part of the picture. The article written by the author went against the traditional form as she made use of her own

Module 2 and Journal Article Review 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 2 and Journal Article Review 2 - Essay Example A common approach of a country’s expanding population is the control of birth rates. The solution might be ideal for a certain amount of time but as the present young adults age in the future, a problem to sustain the needs and services for the elderly is projected. India’s elderly population is expected to rise up to 137 million by 2021 (â€Å"Aging in India,† n.d.). With a considerable chunk of this statistics to be under poverty line, the government has to hurdle a problem of the ‘proper’ distribution of support services since social security is only available for those elders who cannot support themselves. Since this is the legislation, another root of the problem which would have been solved in the past decades would be the lack of education. About 73% of the elders in India are illiterate and â€Å"dependent on hard labor† (â€Å"Aging in India,† n.d.). Basing on this record, it is logical to hypothesize that these elders are also living below poverty line making them eligible for government support. If they were able to get proper education in their early years, better employment opportunities should have been available for them, and a better chance for the government to decrease expenses. An existing problem of poverty is already a burden for the Indian government; adding their obligation for the elderly, the country is thought to be in a hopeless case. Their action for extensive taxation for the higher income families and providing social security only for those who need it the most are subject to questions on equality. On the other hand, there is not much choice left since imbalance in expenses and income suffers the country. A booming population with the majority counted as elders have adverse effects on the nation’s economy, while it is also practical for individual families to apply family planning. This public dilemma cripples the social and economic structure of developing countries, particul arly India. To expect that a single amendment on government policies will heal the situation overnight is unrealistic. Since establishing a quality and skillfully educated human resource can be a possible solution, to focus on increasing literacy and higher education attainment could offer a gradual, yet a healthy effect on India’s current economic status. Journal Review 2 Aging in India: A socioeconomic and health implications---analysis India’s twin problem leads to a common issue about the expanding population of the elderly. In H.B Chanana and P.P. Talwar’s article, it is understood that Indian demographics concerns about the economic and social implications of the subsequent rise of the aging population. A current situation of the nation’s financial struggle heightens the growing need of this sector of the population in terms of medical and social support. Basing on the major problems of the Indian elderly such as poverty, illiteracy and neglect, the government’s problem is not concentrated solely on the equal financial distribution but with support, in all its aspects. Summary Chanana and Talwar’s (1987) article entitled â€Å"Aging in India: Its socio-economic health implications† reveals an imbalance state of the population in India. There was once a proportion of population by age groups with the â€Å"

Type a summary for each of the 4 readings that are assigned this wk Article

Type a summary for each of the 4 readings that are assigned this wk - Article Example Furthermore, Kelly (2008) noted the importance of epistemology and methodology in determining a Deaf standpoint. She stressed that Deaf Studies has to answer questions regarding epistemology and methodology before proceeding to determining a Deaf standpoint. Moreover, Kelly (2008) argued that Deaf women are marginalized because they are rarely found in history books, an absence that disables them from learning more about their gender and Deaf identities. As a teacher of Deaf Women’s Studies, she noticed the glaring absence of books on and by Deaf women. She stressed that few books are by, for, and done with Deaf women. Kelly (2008) concluded that Deaf women scholars should encourage Deaf women to share their writings and other works with them and the public in order to encourage interest in and research on Deaf women. Holcomb (2013) explored how the Deaf community embraces diversity using two perspectives in â€Å"Chapter 13: Diversity in the Deaf Community.† One perspective asserts that the Deaf community embraces differences, while the second believes that due to limited access to multicultural resources, the Deaf community is as conservative as mainstream non-Deaf society and that Deaf people also show discrimination against minority groups within it. He stressed that the Deaf community exhibits both these types of communities. In addition, Holcomb (2013) described that the Deaf community is actually composed of Deaf communities because it represents diverse Deaf groups, such as the hard-of-hearing Deaf, Deaf people from the mainstream, the elite Deaf, the grassroots Deaf, and the regional Deaf. He further explored how diversity in the Deaf community results to division within it. Furthermore, Holcomb (2013) identified Deaf individuals of color with notable accomplishments in different fields. He also stressed the challenges of Deaf people in accessing programs that have holistic components to development and the issues involved in dealing

Analysis of Leda and the Swan Essay -- English Literature

Analysis of Leda and the Swan. Greek mythology. Analysis of Leda and the Swan. Greek mythology has, throughout history, been the subject of much debate and interpretation. Conjuring up images of bloody battles and crumbling cities, its descriptions of the epic battle between good and evil still have remarkable relevance and continue to resonate with poignancy in our bleak, war-torn society. The poem Leda and the Swan, written by William Butler Yeats, attempts to shed new light on what is arguably one of Ancient Greece's most controversial myths. In this essay I aim to study the poem in more depth, analysing what Yeats says and how he says it. Leda and the Swan is an interpretation of the Greek myth wherein Zeus, in the form of a swan, violated a young woman, who gave birth to Helen and Clytemnestra. Helen's flight with Paris to Troy, leaving her husband Menelaus (Agamemnon's brother) caused the war between the Greeks and the Trojans. Clytemnestra then murdered her husband Agamemnon on his return from victory at Troy. The poem begins with Yeats emphasising the brutality of Zeus' actions, describing the initial impact as a "sudden blow". The two words carry the connotation of brutality, urgency and forcefulness; the harshness of the word "sudden" consolidating the phrase's power. There is an implication that the action is unnaturally rapid, thus godlike and powerful. The power and forcefulness of Zeus' actions is reinforced as the line continues, with the word "great" used to describe the wings of the swan which represents him, while the harshness of harshness of the word "beating" re-emphasising the brutality of Zeus' actions. Furthermore, Yeat's use of the word "great" implies glory and majesty, ... ...self as a swan. It is also clear from the poem that Leda felt ambivalent while being raped - she was unsure of whether to submit or resist. The implication near the end of the poem is that she did attempt to resist (although the "shudder in the loins" and the "white rush" convey the fact that she was raped), yet the question is why this was so. Yeats causes the reader to ponder on whether Leda's fingers were "terrified" because of the act or because of her potential knowledge of the consequences, and he himself near the end of the poem ponders on whether she knew the consequences of the rape before it happened ("Did she put on his knowledge with his power?"). Yeats speaks, on a literal level, about the rape of a young woman, yet he also relates the events of Greek mythology to themes of fate, giving the poem meaning and resonance on a more universal level.

Krokodil: Signing Your Own Death Essay

Krokodil is a drug that is mostly sold in Russia. According to unofficial estimates, Russia is the country with the highest amount of heroin addicts; approximately two million. However, not everyone can afford this drug. Krokodil is a drug more powerful and more destructive than heroin and it is also a lot cheaper. Whereas heroin may cost $150 US and up per use, Krokodil can be obtained for $6-$8 US per injection. So what is Krokodil? It is home made and pretty much anyone can cook it. This drug is pretty much codeine turned into desomorphine by a relatively easy process of cooking. Codeine is narcotic found at any pharmacy. The problem with the desomorphine is that it has to be made by professionals in a special facility or laboratory to be perfectly pure. So these random citizens trying to perform this at home are going to use home products to turn the codeine into desomorphine, which is the cause of why the results after consuming this drug is so destructive. People use gasoline as a solvent, red phosphorus; which we find on average matches, iodine and hydrochloric acid, which is a highly corrosive substance, found naturally in gastric acid, it also balances the pH level of acidity which is why it is used in swimming pool treatment solutions, making it easy to purchase at specialized supermarkets. What does this drug do to you? The corrosive acids will eventually turn the skin greenish with a rough texture, which is why this drug is called Krokodil. The skin around the injection site is the first to gain this appearance and becomes an easy target for gangrene. The skin literally becomes rotten and, in time, it ends up sloughing off, exposing the bone. Victor Ivanov, the head of Russia’s Drug Control Agency, estimates that five percent of drug users in Russia are consuming Krokodil and other equally dangerous home made drugs. Heroin alone kills around 300 thousand people in Russia every year, but Krokodil brings a much faster death. Some of its consumers only inject it when they have no money to buy heroin; however, as soon as they manage to get the money they will stop using the Krokodil. In poorer regions of Russia, though, people are becoming 24/7 Krokodil addicts, which gives them no longer than a year to live, from the moment they first inject this drug. What’s bad about this is that there are actually websites showing how to cook this drug and it’s a growing hidden epidemic. After seeing pictures of what people look like after some doses of Krokodil, I wonder how someone would ever do this to themselves. Having said this, why do people still get themselves into this? What could be so terrible about their lives that they pick the path to self destruction in such a sordid, painful way? krokodil is 3 times more powerful and 10 times cheaper than heroin, and has become an epidemic in Russia. Krokodil has almost the same effects as heroin except heroin does not eat up your skin like krokodil does heroin is not that harmful as krokodil. Kokodril is consumed mainly injecting yourself the substance in your blood stream that’s the cause why it reacts destructively with your body. Many people call kokodril the drug that eats junkies. Many scientists say that this drug is one of the most dangerous drugs in the world. One good thing is that this drug is mainly used only in Russia but not in the united states. Overall if you take krokodil you basically sign your own death.